20";display:block;height:0;clear:both;visibility:hidden}.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after,.widget:before,.widget:after{content:' 20';display:block;overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;width:0;height:0}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.clearfix{zoom:1}html,body,div,span,h1,h3,p,a,abbr,img,small,strong,ul,li,form,label,article,aside,header,nav,section,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline}article,aside,header,nav,section{display:block}body{line-height:1em}ul{list-style:none}*{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}html.responsive,.responsive body{overflow-x:hidden}body{font:13px/1.65em "HelveticaNeue","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#444;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}h1,h3{font-weight:600}#top h3 a{font-weight:inherit;text-decoration:none;color:inherit}h1{font-size:34px;line-height:1.1em;margin-bottom:14px}h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.1em;margin-bottom:8px}p{margin:.85em 0}strong{font-weight:700}small{font-size:80%}a{text-decoration:none;outline:0;max-width:100%;max-width:none}a:visited{outline:0;text-decoration:underline}#top .avia_hidden_link_text{display:none}ul{margin-bottom:20px}ul{list-style:none outside;margin-left:7px}ul ul{margin:4px 0 5px 30px}ul ul li{margin-bottom:6px}img,a img{border:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:inline-block;max-width:100%;height:auto}input[type=submit],.button{padding:9px 22px;border:none;-webkit-appearance:none;border-radius:0}[data-av_icon]:before{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;font-weight:400;content:attr(data-av_icon);speak:never}#top form{margin-bottom:20px}#top input[type=text]{-webkit-appearance:none;border:1px solid #e1e1e1;padding:8px 6px;outline:none;font:1em "HelveticaNeue","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#777;margin:0;width:100%;display:block;margin-bottom:20px;background:#fff;border-radius:0}#top label{font-weight:700;font-size:.92em}#top label span{font-weight:400;font-size:13px;color:#444}.hidden{position:absolute;top:0;visibility:hidden}#header{position:relative;z-index:501;width:100%;background:0 0}#header_main .container,.main_menu ul:first-child>li a{height:88px;line-height:88px}.html_header_top.html_header_sticky #main{padding-top:88px}.html_header_top.html_header_sticky #header{position:fixed}.html_header_top.html_header_sticky.html_bottom_nav_header #main{padding-top:140px}.html_header_top .av_bottom_nav_header #header_main_alternate .main_menu ul:first-child>li>a{height:50px;line-height:50px}.html_header_top.html_bottom_nav_header #header_main{z-index:3}.html_header_top.html_bottom_nav_header #header_main_alternate .main_menu{clear:both;position:relative;line-height:40px;height:100%;width:100%;float:left}.html_header_top.html_bottom_nav_header #header_main_alternate .main_menu>div,.html_header_top.html_bottom_nav_header #header_main_alternate .main_menu ul:first-child{width:100%;height:50px}.html_header_top.html_bottom_nav_header #header_main_alternate .main_menu .menu-item-search-dropdown{float:right}#header_main_alternate{z-index:2}#header #header_main_alternate .container{max-height:none;height:auto}.html_header_top.html_logo_center .main_menu{text-align:center}.html_header_top.html_logo_center #header_main_alternate .main_menu ul:first-child{display:inline-block;width:auto;position:static}.html_header_top.html_logo_center .logo{left:50%;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,0);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,0);transform:translate(-50%,0)}#header_main{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;z-index:1}.header_bg{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:.95;filter:alpha(opacity=95);z-index:0;-webkit-perspective:1000px;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden}.av-hamburger{padding:0;display:inline-block;font:inherit;color:inherit;text-transform:none;background-color:transparent;border:0;margin:0;overflow:visible}.av-hamburger-box{width:35px;height:24px;display:inline-block;position:relative}.av-hamburger-inner{display:block;top:50%;margin-top:-2px}.av-hamburger-inner,.av-hamburger-inner:before,.av-hamburger-inner:after{width:40px;height:3px;background-color:#000;border-radius:3px;position:absolute}.av-hamburger-inner:before,.av-hamburger-inner:after{content:"";display:block}.av-hamburger-inner:before{top:-10px}.av-hamburger-inner:after{bottom:-10px}.av-burger-menu-main{display:none}.av-burger-menu-main a{padding-left:10px}.av-hamburger strong{display:none}.av-hamburger-box{height:8px}.av-hamburger-inner,.av-hamburger-inner:before,.av-hamburger-inner:after{width:100%}div .logo{float:left;position:absolute;left:0;z-index:1}.logo,.logo a{overflow:hidden;position:relative;display:block;height:100%}.logo img{padding:0;display:block;width:auto;height:auto;max-height:100%;image-rendering:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;height:100%;height:auto}.main_menu{clear:none;position:absolute;z-index:100;line-height:30px;height:100%;margin:0;right:0}.av-main-nav-wrap{float:left;position:relative;z-index:3}.av-main-nav-wrap ul{margin:0;padding:0}.av-main-nav{z-index:110;position:relative}.av-main-nav ul{display:none;margin-left:0;left:0;position:absolute;top:100%;width:208px;z-index:2;padding:0;box-shadow:0 8px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.1);margin-top:-1px}.av-main-nav ul li{margin:0;padding:0;width:100%}.av-main-nav ul li a{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-width:1px}.av-main-nav ul li:last-child>a{border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:1px}.av-main-nav li{float:left;position:relative;z-index:20}.av-main-nav>li>ul{border-top-width:2px;border-top-style:solid}.av-main-nav>li{line-height:30px}.av-main-nav li a{max-width:none}.av-main-nav>li>a{display:block;text-decoration:none;padding:0 13px;font-weight:400;font-weight:600;font-size:13px}#top .av-main-nav ul a{width:100%;height:auto;float:left;text-align:left;line-height:23px;padding:8px 15px;font-size:12px;min-height:23px;max-width:none;text-decoration:none;font-family:inherit}.avia-menu-fx{position:absolute;bottom:-1px;height:2px;z-index:10;width:100%;left:0;opacity:0;visibility:hidden}.avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow-wrap{height:10px;width:10px;position:absolute;top:-10px;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;overflow:hidden;display:none;visibility:hidden}.avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow-wrap .avia-arrow{top:10px}.html_bottom_nav_header #top #menu-item-search>a{padding-right:0}.main_menu .avia-bullet{display:none}.avia-bullet{display:block;position:absolute;height:0;width:0;top:51%;margin-top:-3px;left:-3px;border-top:3px solid transparent!important;border-bottom:3px solid transparent!important;border-left:3px solid green}#top #menu-item-search{z-index:100}#top .menu-item-search-dropdown>a,#searchform #searchsubmit,.iconfont{font-size:17px}#top #menu-item-search.menu-item-search-dropdown>a{border-left:none}.avia-arrow{height:10px;width:10px;position:absolute;top:-6px;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);border-width:1px;border-style:solid;visibility:hidden}#top #searchform{margin:0;padding:0}#top #searchform>div{position:relative;max-width:300px}#top .widget #searchform>div{margin:0;max-width:100%}#top #s{width:100%;position:relative;padding:11px 47px 11px 5px;z-index:1;margin:0;box-shadow:none}#top #searchsubmit{width:40px;height:100%;line-height:40px;padding:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:2;margin:0;border-radius:0;min-width:40px}.content,.sidebar{padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:50px;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;min-height:1px;z-index:1}#top #main .sidebar{border-left-style:solid;border-left-width:1px;margin-left:0;float:none;width:auto;overflow:hidden;display:block;clear:none}.inner_sidebar{margin-left:50px}.content{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:1px;margin-right:-1px}.content .entry-content-wrapper{padding-right:50px}.container .minor-meta{font-size:.9em}.post{clear:both;width:100%;float:left;position:relative}.entry-content-wrapper .post-title{font-size:21px;line-height:1.3em}#top .avia-post-nav{position:fixed;height:110px;top:50%;background:#aaa;background:rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:#fff;margin-top:-55px;padding:15px;text-decoration:none;z-index:501;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}.avia-post-nav .label{position:absolute;top:50%;height:22px;line-height:22px;margin-top:-11px;font-size:24px}.avia-post-nav .entry-image{height:80px;width:80px;display:block}.avia-post-nav .entry-image img{border-radius:100px;display:block}.avia-post-prev{left:0;border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px}.avia-post-prev .label{left:10px}.avia-post-next{right:0;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px}.avia-post-next .label{right:10px}.avia-post-next.with-image{text-align:right}.avia-post-nav .entry-info{display:block;height:80px;width:220px;display:table}.avia-post-next .entry-info{margin:0 20px 0 1px}.avia-post-prev .entry-info{margin:0 1px 0 20px}.avia-post-nav .entry-info span{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;font-size:13px;line-height:1.65em}.avia-post-nav .entry-info-wrap{width:1px;overflow:hidden;display:block}.widgettitle{font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:1.1em}.widget{clear:both;position:relative;padding:30px 0;float:none}#top .widget ul{padding:0;margin:0;width:100%;float:left}.widget li{clear:both}#scroll-top-link{position:fixed;border-radius:2px;height:50px;width:50px;line-height:50px;text-decoration:none;text-align:center;opacity:0;right:50px;bottom:50px;z-index:1030;visibility:hidden}@media only screen and (max-width:989px){.responsive #top .avia-post-prev{left:0}.responsive #top .avia-post-next{right:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px) and (max-width:989px){.responsive .main_menu ul:first-child>li>a{padding:0 10px}.responsive #top .header_bg{opacity:1;filter:alpha(opacity=100)}.responsive #main .container_wrap:first-child{border-top:none}.responsive .logo{float:left}.responsive .logo img{margin:0}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.responsive .template-blog .blog-meta,.responsive .post_author_timeline,.responsive #top #main .sidebar{display:none}.responsive .content .entry-content-wrapper{padding:0}.responsive .content{border:none}.responsive .big-preview{padding:0 0 10px}.responsive #top .avia-post-nav{display:none}.responsive #top #wrap_all #header{position:relative;width:100%;float:none;height:auto;margin:0!important;opacity:1;min-height:0}.responsive #top #main{padding-top:0!important;margin:0}.responsive #top #main .container_wrap:first-child{border-top:none}.responsive.html_header_top.html_logo_center .logo{left:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0%,0);-ms-transform:translate(0%,0);transform:translate(0%,0);margin:0}.responsive #top .logo{position:static;display:table;height:80px!important;float:none;padding:0;border:none;width:80%}.responsive .logo a{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.responsive .logo img{height:auto!important;width:auto;max-width:100%;display:block;max-height:80px}.responsive #header_main .container{height:auto!important}.responsive #top .header_bg{opacity:1;filter:alpha(opacity=1)}.responsive .logo img{margin:0}.responsive .av-burger-menu-main{display:block}.responsive #top #wrap_all .main_menu{top:0;height:80px;left:auto;right:0;display:block;position:absolute}.responsive .main_menu ul:first-child>li a{height:80px;line-height:80px}.responsive #top .av-main-nav .menu-item{display:none}.responsive #top .av-main-nav .menu-item-avia-special{display:block}.responsive #top #wrap_all .menu-item-search-dropdown>a{font-size:24px}.responsive #header_main_alternate{display:none}.responsive #top #wrap_all .av-logo-container{height:80px;line-height:80px}.responsive #top #wrap_all .av-logo-container{padding:0}.responsive #top #header .av-main-nav>li>a{background:0 0;color:inherit}.widget li{line-height:1.8em;font-size:15px}.responsive #scroll-top-link{display:none}}.template-blog .blog-meta{float:left;margin-right:50px}.single-post .post_author_timeline{display:none}.post-meta-infos{font-size:.9em;position:relative;top:-8px;display:block}.post-meta-infos a{text-decoration:none}.text-sep{padding:0 5px}.big-preview{display:block;padding:0 50px 10px 131px}.big-preview a{display:block;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.big-preview.single-big{padding:0 50px 10px 0}.post-loop-1 .big-preview{position:relative;z-index:4}.big-preview img{display:block;border-radius:4px;position:relative;z-index:4;width:100%}#reply-title{font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1px}#reply-title small,#commentform label{font-size:.85em;display:block;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;padding-top:8px;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:400}.comment_meta_container{clear:both;float:none}#cancel-comment-reply-link{display:inline-block;font-size:10px}#commentform p{position:relative;padding:0 0 10px;margin:0}#reply-title small a{float:right}#commentform label{position:absolute;left:245px;font-size:11px;top:0;font-weight:700}.comment-notes,#commentform .comment-form-comment label{display:none}#reply-title{display:none}#reply-title small{display:inline}.template-blog .post .entry-content-wrapper{overflow:hidden}.avia_ajax_form label{display:block;visibility:visible;position:relative}.avia_ajax_form label{display:block;visibility:visible;position:relative;margin-bottom:7px;font-weight:600}.avia_ajax_form.av-form-labels-hidden label{position:fixed;top:-1000px;left:-2000px}.avia_ajax_form .required{text-decoration:none}.avia-icon-list .iconlist-timeline{position:absolute;top:1%;left:32px;width:1px;height:99%;border-right-width:1px;border-right-style:dashed}.avia-icon-list li:last-child .iconlist-timeline{display:none}#top .av-iconlist-small .iconlist-timeline{display:none}p:empty{display:none}.sidebar .widget:first-child{padding-top:0;border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0}.recentcomments,.widget_recent_entries li{padding:7px 0;display:block;font-size:.85em;line-height:1.5em}.recentcomments a,.widget_recent_entries li a{font-style:italic;font-family:"Georgia","Times New Roman",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.recentcomments,.widget_recent_entries li{border-top-width:3px;border-top-style:solid}.recentcomments:first-child,.widget_recent_entries li:first-child{border-top:none}:root{--enfold-socket-color-bg:#282b2e;--enfold-socket-color-bg2:#52565c;--enfold-socket-color-primary:#fff;--enfold-socket-color-secondary:#ebebeb;--enfold-socket-color-color:#e8e8e8;--enfold-socket-color-meta:#777;--enfold-socket-color-heading:#fff;--enfold-socket-color-border:#282b2e;--enfold-footer-color-bg:#35383c;--enfold-footer-color-bg2:#52565c;--enfold-footer-color-primary:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-secondary:#ebebeb;--enfold-footer-color-color:#e8e8e8;--enfold-footer-color-meta:#777;--enfold-footer-color-heading:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-border:#35383c;--enfold-alternate-color-bg:#f8f8f8;--enfold-alternate-color-bg2:#fff;--enfold-alternate-color-primary:#000;--enfold-alternate-color-secondary:#9cc3df;--enfold-alternate-color-color:#999;--enfold-alternate-color-meta:#919191;--enfold-alternate-color-heading:#222;--enfold-alternate-color-border:#ebebeb;--enfold-main-color-bg:#fff;--enfold-main-color-bg2:#f8f8f8;--enfold-main-color-primary:#58a4db;--enfold-main-color-secondary:#9cc3df;--enfold-main-color-color:#000;--enfold-main-color-meta:#919191;--enfold-main-color-heading:#222;--enfold-main-color-border:#ebebeb;--enfold-header-color-bg:#fff;--enfold-header-color-bg2:#fff;--enfold-header-color-primary:#58a4db;--enfold-header-color-secondary:#9cc3df;--enfold-header-color-color:#58a4db;--enfold-header-color-meta:#969696;--enfold-header-color-heading:#000;--enfold-header-color-border:#000;--enfold-font-family-theme-body:"HelveticaNeue","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;--enfold-font-size-theme-content:13px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h1:34px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h2:28px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h3:20px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h4:18px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h5:16px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h6:14px}.socket_color span{border-color:#282b2e}.html_bottom_nav_header.html_logo_center #top #menu-item-search>a{border-color:#282b2e}html,#scroll-top-link{background-color:#282b2e}#scroll-top-link{color:#e8e8e8;border:1px solid #282b2e}.footer_color div,.footer_color p,.footer_color abbr,.footer_color label{border-color:#35383c}.html_bottom_nav_header.html_logo_center #top #menu-item-search>a{border-color:#35383c}.footer_color .avia-icon-list .iconlist-timeline{border-color:#35383c}.footer_color .required{color:#fff}.html_bottom_nav_header.html_logo_center #top #menu-item-search>a{border-color:#ebebeb}.main_color,.main_color div,.main_color header,.main_color main,.main_color aside,.main_color article,.main_color section,.main_color span,.main_color h1,.main_color h3,.main_color p,.main_color a,.main_color img,.main_color small,.main_color ul,.main_color li,.main_color form,.main_color label,.main_color article,.main_color aside,.main_color header,.main_color section,.main_color time{border-color:#ebebeb}.main_color,.main_color .post-format-icon{background-color:#fff;color:#000}.main_color h1,.main_color h3{color:#222}.main_color .sidebar,.main_color .sidebar a,.main_color .minor-meta,.main_color .minor-meta a,.main_color .text-sep{color:#919191}.main_color a,.main_color #commentform .required{color:#58a4db}div .main_color .button,.main_color input[type=submit]{background-color:#58a4db;color:#fff;border-color:#3682b9}.main_color ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#919191}.main_color ::-moz-placeholder{color:#919191;opacity:1}.main_color :-ms-input-placeholder{color:#919191}.html_bottom_nav_header.html_logo_center #top #menu-item-search>a{border-color:#ebebeb}#top .main_color input[type=text]{border-color:#ebebeb;background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#919191}.main_color .required{color:#58a4db}#main{border-color:#ebebeb}.html_stretched #wrap_all{background-color:#fff}.header_color,.header_color div,.header_color nav,.header_color span,.header_color a,.header_color img,.header_color strong,.header_color ul,.header_color li,.header_color nav{border-color:#000}.header_color{background-color:#fff;color:#58a4db}.header_color a,.header_color strong{color:#58a4db}.header_color .avia-menu-fx,.header_color .avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow{background-color:#58a4db;color:#fff;border-color:#3682b9}.header_color .avia-bullet{border-color:#58a4db}.html_header_top .header_color .main_menu ul:first-child>li>ul{border-top-color:#58a4db}.header_color ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#969696}.header_color ::-moz-placeholder{color:#969696;opacity:1}.header_color :-ms-input-placeholder{color:#969696}.header_color .header_bg,.header_color .main_menu ul ul,.header_color .main_menu .menu ul li a{background-color:#fff;color:#969696}.header_color .main_menu ul:first-child>li>a{color:#969696}.html_bottom_nav_header.html_logo_center #top #menu-item-search>a{border-color:#000}#main{background-color:#fff}.header_color .av-hamburger-inner,.header_color .av-hamburger-inner:before,.header_color .av-hamburger-inner:after{background-color:#969696}.header_color .cart_dropdown_first .cart_dropdown_link{color:#58a4db}.header_color .cart_dropdown .dropdown_widget{color:#969696}.header_color .cart_dropdown .dropdown_widget .widget_shopping_cart_content,.header_color .cart_dropdown_link,.header_color .avia-arrow{background-color:#fff}.header_color .avia-bullet{border-color:#969696}#top .av-cart-counter{background-color:#58a4db;color:#fff}body.open_sans{font-family:'open sans',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}:root{--enfold-font-family-body:'open sans',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}h1{text-transform:none!important}.container{width:100%}.container .av-content-small.units{width:73%}.responsive .container{max-width:1310px}#top #wrap_all .all_colors h3{font-size:18px;font-family:'lato',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}#top #wrap_all .all_colors h1{font-size:40px;font-family:'lato',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}#header_main_alternate{background-color:#000;color:#fff}h1{text-transform:none!important}.recentcomments a{display:inline!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}#top .avia-font-entypo-fontello,body .avia-font-entypo-fontello,html body [data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello']:before{font-family:'entypo-fontello'}
Acid: Warrior for clean wine? Ask The Wine Ladies. October 2008 - The Wine Ladies
Dear Wine Ladies, I recently heard from some-one who is quite the authority on wine that wines are 100% bacteria free due to the alcohol content. In fact I understand wine was the beverage of choice in lieu of water in former times specifically for this reason. If you could confirm this for me it would be greatly appreciated.
John Keswick
Dear John, Thanks for the great question. It is true that wine was considered to be a safer drink than much of the available water up until the 18th century. And still today seasoned travelers often opt for a glass of vino over one of water. Many of the threatening pathogens to ones health were either inhibited or killed off by the consuming of wine. As to whether the alcohol in wine can guarantee all wines are 100% bacteria free, we have to disagree. We decided to consult with an oenologist (winemaker) for his opinion and a full scientific explanation. Yes, alcohol does indeed impede the livelihood of some bacteria; however it by no means alleviates the potential presence of many others. In fact it is the pH level of wines, which is the strength of the total acids in wines that is the real warrior against bacteria. This is one of the most important variables winemakers monitor during the winemaking process.
If the pH level is not within the accepted range of approximately 3.00-3.60 (the normal pH of water is 7, and our blood is much more alkaline at 7.3) various wine spoilage bacteria are able to survive. When you think of alcohol level as a protective barrier to bacteria, let us consider alcohol swabs of close to 100% alcohol composition; even at that, indeed the majority of bacteria could not survive, but not necessarily all. So, yes, alcohol does provide somewhat of a defense against bacteria in wines, but the real protector is the pH level, or the strength of the acids. One final footnote, microbiologist Mark Daeschel at Oregon State University, a believer in the disinfectant properties of wine, as of last year was awaiting a patent on a wine cleaner he developed for use on kitchen counters and even fresh fruit.
The Wine Ladies, Georgia and Susanne
Submit your question to info@TheWineLadies.com
https://thewineladies.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/images_Bacteriainwine.jpg
348
504
Susanne Seelig-Mense
https://thewineladies.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/WineLadiesLogoTransparent.png
Susanne Seelig-Mense 2008-10-29 12:00:01 2008-10-29 12:00:01 Acid: Warrior for clean wine? Ask The Wine Ladies. October 2008
Purdy’s Chocolates Radio Show update for November 8th, 2008 Scroll to top
Leave a Reply
Want to join the discussion?Feel free to contribute!